Avapro (irbesartan) is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) specifically formulated to manage hypertension and protect kidney function in patients with type 2 diabetes. By selectively blocking the action of angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, Avapro helps relax blood vessels, thereby reducing blood pressure and decreasing strain on the heart. This medication is recognized for its once-daily dosing efficacy and favorable tolerability profile, making it a cornerstone in long-term cardiovascular and renal risk management strategies. Clinical evidence supports its use not only for essential hypertension but also for delaying the progression of diabetic nephropathy.

Features

• Active ingredient: Irbesartan
• Drug class: Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)
• Available in tablet strengths: 75 mg, 150 mg, 300 mg
• Administration: Oral, once daily
• Onset of action: Within 1–2 hours; peak effect at 3–6 hours
• Half-life: 11–15 hours
• Bioavailability: 60–80%, unaffected by food

Benefits

• Effectively lowers systolic and diastolic blood pressure, reducing the risk of stroke, heart attack, and heart failure.
• Provides renal protection by reducing proteinuria and slowing the progression of diabetic kidney disease.
• Offers 24-hour blood pressure control with a single daily dose, supporting adherence and consistent therapeutic coverage.
• Generally well-tolerated with a low incidence of side effects such as cough (compared to ACE inhibitors).
• Does not usually require routine potassium monitoring unless used with other agents affecting potassium balance.
• May be used as monotherapy or in combination with other antihypertensives like diuretics or calcium channel blockers.

Common use

Avapro is primarily indicated for the treatment of hypertension in adults. It may be used alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents. Additionally, it is prescribed for nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension, as it has been shown to reduce the rate of progression of renal disease as evidenced by persistent albuminuria.

Dosage and direction

The recommended initial dose of Avapro for hypertension is 150 mg once daily. Dosage may be increased to 300 mg once daily if blood pressure remains uncontrolled. For patients with intravascular volume depletion (e.g., those on diuretics), consider starting at 75 mg once daily. In diabetic nephropathy, the recommended maintenance dose is 300 mg once daily. Avapro may be taken with or without food. Tablets should be swallowed whole with a glass of water.

Precautions

• Monitor renal function and electrolytes in patients with renal impairment, heart failure, or those on NSAIDs.
• Avoid use during pregnancy due to risk of fetal injury or death; discontinue as soon as pregnancy is detected.
• Use with caution in patients with hepatic impairment, as irbesartan is extensively metabolized in the liver.
• Symptomatic hypotension may occur in volume-depleted patients; correct volume depletion prior to administration.
• Hyperkalemia may occur, particularly in patients with renal disease, diabetes, or those using potassium-sparing diuretics or supplements.
• Dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin system (e.g., with an ACE inhibitor) increases risks of hyperkalemia, hypotension, and renal impairment.

Contraindications

• Hypersensitivity to irbesartan or any component of the formulation.
• Concomitant use with aliskiren in patients with diabetes.
• Pregnancy (second and third trimesters).

Possible side effect

Common side effects may include:

• Dizziness
• Fatigue
• Musculoskeletal pain
• Upper respiratory infection symptoms

Less common but serious side effects:

• Hyperkalemia
• Impaired renal function
• Severe hypotension
• Angioedema (rare)

Drug interaction

• Potassium-sparing diuretics (e.g., spironolactone), potassium supplements, or salt substitutes: increased risk of hyperkalemia.
• NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen): may reduce antihypertensive effect and worsen renal function.
• Lithium: increased lithium levels and toxicity.
• Other antihypertensive agents: additive hypotensive effects.
• Aliskiren: increased risk of renal impairment, hyperkalemia, and hypotension (contraindicated in diabetics).

Missed dose

If a dose is missed, take it as soon as remembered the same day. If it is near the time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume the usual dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.

Overdose

Symptoms of overdose may include hypotension and tachycardia. Bradycardia may also occur. Provide supportive treatment, including IV fluids and vasoconstrictors if necessary. Hemodialysis may not be effective due to high protein binding.

Storage

Store at room temperature (20–25°C or 68–77°F). Keep in the original container, tightly closed, and away from moisture and light. Keep out of reach of children and pets.

Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a healthcare provider for personalized recommendations, diagnosis, and treatment. Do not adjust dosage or discontinue medication without medical supervision.

Reviews

Clinical trials and post-marketing surveillance indicate that Avapro is effective and generally well-tolerated. Many patients report stable blood pressure control and appreciate the once-daily regimen. Healthcare providers often note its utility in patients who experience cough with ACE inhibitors. However, individual responses may vary, and adherence to monitoring recommendations is essential for optimal outcomes.